Concrete additives are added to concrete to modify the properties of fresh and hard concrete by chemical and physical effects in order to comply with technological and mechanical requirements. Since they are normally only added to the concrete in small amounts, there is usually no need to take them into consideration when calculating the volume of materials. Exceptions are airentraining agents (AEAs) (cf Table 1) and fluidifier concrete additives (in most cases plasticisers) particularly when used with self-compacting, highstrength or even ultra-high-strength concretes. Concrete additives are available as liquids, powders, granules or suspensions.
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